A medical compression stocking is a specially designed elastic hosiery used to improve blood circulation in the legs by applying graduated pressure. They are commonly prescribed for the management of venous disorders, prevention of blood clots, reduction of swelling, and relief of conditions like varicose veins, lymphedema, or chronic venous insufficiency.

Types of Medical Compression Stockings

Medical compression stockings are categorized by compression levels, lengths, and styles/materials.

1. By Compression Level

The pressure is measured in mmHg (millimetres of mercury) and is usually graduated (strongest at the ankle, decreasing upward).

  • Mild Compression (8–15 mmHg)
    • Light support for tired or achy legs.
    • Useful for long periods of standing/sitting or mild swelling.
  • Moderate Compression (15–20 mmHg)
    • Helps with mild varicose veins, minor swelling, travel-related leg fatigue, and pregnancy support.
  • Firm Compression (20–30 mmHg)
    • Medical-grade; prescribed for moderate varicose veins, post-surgical recovery, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prevention, and moderate edema.
  • Extra Firm Compression (30–40 mmHg and above)
    • For severe venous insufficiency, lymphedema, and severe swelling.
    • Usually prescribed under a doctor’s supervision.

2. By Length/Style

  • Knee-High Stockings
    • Cover from foot to just below the knee.
    • Best for swelling in the lower legs, varicose veins, and DVT prevention.
  • Thigh-High Stockings
    • Extend to the thigh, providing support for the entire leg.
    • Suitable for extensive varicose veins, post-surgical use, or when swelling goes above the knee.
  • Pantyhose / Waist-High Stockings
    • Cover from feet up to the waist.
    • Provide even support for both legs and the lower abdomen.
    • Commonly used in pregnancy or severe venous insufficiency.
  • Maternity Compression Stockings
    • Designed with extra support for the belly.
    • Reduce leg swelling and discomfort during pregnancy.

3. By Design / Variety

  • Closed-Toe
    • Resemble normal socks/stockings.
    • Provide warmth and full coverage.
  • Open-Toe
    • Toes are left uncovered.
    • Useful for people with toe deformities, open wounds, or when wearing sandals.
  • Zippered Compression Stockings
    • Easier to wear and remove, especially for elderly or patients with weak grip.
  • Custom-Fit Stockings
    • Made to patient measurements for those with unique leg shapes, lymphedema, or special medical needs.

Features of Medical Compression Stockings

  • Graduated Compression → Strongest pressure at the ankle, decreasing upward to assist venous return.
  • Breathable, Elastic Fabrics → Made of nylon, spandex, or cotton blends for comfort and durability.
  • Variety of Colours & Styles → Available in skin tones, black, and fashion designs to encourage compliance.
  • Durability → Designed for long-term wear, typically lasting 3–6 months with proper care.
  • Moisture-Wicking → Keeps skin dry and prevents odor buildup.
  • Medical Certification → Higher compression levels (≥20 mmHg) are usually prescription-based and tested for therapeutic use.

✅ In summary: Medical compression stockings are therapeutic garments that improve blood circulation and reduce leg complications. They vary by compression level, length, and design, and their features are tailored to patient needs ranging from mild fatigue to serious venous or lymphatic disorders.