Features and Design:

1. Horn Shape: The fetoscope is generally conical or funnel-shaped, which amplifies the sound of the fetal heart when placed against the mother’s abdomen.
2. Material: Originally made from wood, Pinards can also be found made of aluminum, stainless steel, or even plastic.
3. Size: Typically, it’s around 6 inches (15 cm) in length, which makes it portable.

Usage:

1. Position: The wider end of the Pinard is placed against the ear, while the narrower end is moved around the mother’s abdomen to locate the best spot to hear the fetal heartbeat.
2. Finding the Heartbeat: Usually, the fetal heart can be best heard in the lower quadrant of the mother’s abdomen, where the baby’s back and head are positioned.
3. Heart Rate Count: Once the heartbeat is located, the beats can be counted for a minute to determine the fetal heart rate.

Advantages:

1. Simplicity: The Pinard fetoscope is a simple mechanical device without electronics, making it durable and long-lasting.
2. Cost-Effective: It’s much cheaper than electronic doppler devices.
3. Safety: Since it’s a passive device, there’s no exposure to ultrasound waves.
4. Personal Touch: Many midwives feel that using a Pinard provides a more intimate connection with the mother during prenatal care, as it requires close listening and touch.