Here are some key points about underarm crutches:

1. Anatomy of the Crutch:
   • Top Pad: This is the padded portion that rests against the user’s side, just below the armpit.
   • Handgrip: Located below the top pad, this is where the user holds the crutch. Proper positioning of the handgrip is crucial for effective and comfortable crutch use.
   • Shaft: The long part of the crutch that extends from the top pad down to the ground.
   • Tip: The bottom of the crutch has a rubber tip that provides traction and prevents slipping.
2. Fitting:
   • Proper fitting is essential. When standing upright with the crutches placed under the arms, there should be a 1-2 inch gap between the top pad and the armpit to prevent pressure on the nerve located there.
   • The handgrips should be at a level where the elbow has a slight bend when holding them.
3. Walking Technique:
   • The basic sequence for walking with crutches is: crutches forward, injured leg forward (without bearing weight or with limited weight as advised), then the strong leg.
   • Weight should be borne through the hands, not the armpits.
4. Safety Considerations:
   • Always ensure the rubber tips are in good condition to prevent slips.
   • Users should be careful on wet or slippery surfaces.
   • Going up and down stairs requires specific techniques and may necessitate additional instruction.
5. Advantages and Disadvantages:
   • Advantages: They offer a good amount of stability and are often prescribed for temporary injuries.
   • Disadvantages: They can be uncomfortable, especially in the armpit area. Improper use can lead to crutch palsy, which is caused by prolonged pressure on the nerve in the armpit.
6. Alternatives:
   • Forearm Crutches (or Lofstrand crutches): These have a cuff that encircles the forearm and a handgrip. They require more upper body strength but offer greater mobility.
   • Canes: Used when only a little support is needed.
   • Walkers: Provide more stability than crutches.

Underarm crutches are a valuable tool for those recovering from surgeries, fractures, or other lower limb issues. However, it’s essential for individuals to be trained on the proper use of crutches to ensure they are maximizing their mobility and minimizing any potential complications.